Manajemen Stres pada Ikan untuk Akuakultur Berkelanjutan

  • Dian Fita Lestari Universitas Bengkulu
  • Syukriah Syukriah UIN Sumatera Utara Medan
Abstract views: 2051 , PDF downloads: 3161
Keywords: Akuakultur, Manajemen Stress, Fisiologi Ikan, Respon Stres

Abstract

Abstrak

Objektif. Ikan merupakan salah satu sumber protein hewani yang banyak diminati oleh masyarakat selama beberapa dekade terakhir, sehingga permintaan jumlah ikan sangat tinggi. Jumlah tangkapan ikan kurang memenuhi jumlah permintaan secara global, sehingga akuakultur menjadi trend sebagai solusi untuk mencukupi kebutuhan jumlah ikan. Akuakultur terus berkembang lebih cepat daripada sektor produksi pangan utama lainnya dan memiliki kontribusi besar terhadap hasil perikanan dunia. Namun, usaha akuakultur tidak selalu berhasi karena banyak faktor. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, perlu adanya kajian untuk manajemen stres dari sisi fisiologis ikan untuk budidaya ikan yang lebih optimal.

Material and Metode. Metode yang digunakan berupa analisis Survival Rate (SR), Growth Rate (GR), pertumbuhan mutlak (W), uji hematologis, uji kadar kortisol, uji kadar glukosa darah, Heat Shock Protein (HSP), patologi, histologi, serta tingkah laku.

Hasil. Keberhasilan dalam usaha akuakultur tidak lepas dari manajemen pemeliharaan yang baik, karena lingkungan maupun perlakuan terhadap ikan dapat menimbulkan stres pada ikan yang dapat mempengaruhi proses pertumbuhan, reproduksi, hingga mengancam kelangsungan hidup ikan. Hal ini sangat erat hubungannya dengan proses fisiologi ikan yang penting untuk diketahui oleh pembudidaya ikan. Ikan akan merespons stres melalui sistem hormonal (aksis HPI) yang nantinya akan berdampak pada perubahan metabolisme tubuh, respon seluler, hingga perubahan secara menyeluruh pada individu termasuk perubahan perilaku. Sehingga untuk menghindari terjadinya stres pada ikan,  perlu adanya manajemen pemeliharaan yang baik agar mendapatkan hasil yang optimal dari kegiatan budidaya ikan.

Kesimpulan. Manajemen pemeliharaan yang baik meliputi kontrol kualitas air baik secara fisika maupun kimia, pengendalian gulma, patogen maupun predator/kompetitor, jumlah penebaran (densitas) ikan, penanganan yang tepat saat pemindahan, sanitasi yang baik, diet yang seimbang serta manajemen kesehatan (penanganan penyakit) dengan baik.

Abstrack

Objective.  Fish is one of the sources of animal protein that has been in high demand by the public for the past few decades, so the demand for fish is very high. The amount of fish catch does not meet the global demand, so aquaculture is a trend as a solution to meet the needs of the number of fish. Aquaculture continues to grow faster than other major food production sectors and has a major contribution to global fisheries yields. However, aquaculture efforts are not always successful because of many factors. Based on this, there needs to be a study for stress management from the physiological side of fish for more optimal fish farming.

Materials and Methods.  The methods used are analysis of Survival Rate (SR), Growth Rate (GR), absolute growth (W), hematological test, cortisol level test, blood glucose level test, Heat Shock Protein (HSP), pathology, histology, and behavior.

Results  Success in aquaculture efforts can not be separated from good maintenance management, because the environment and treatment of fish can cause stress on fish that can affect the process of growth, reproduction, to threaten the survival of fish. This is very closely related to the physiological processes of fish that are important to know by fish farmers. Fish will respond to stress through the hormonal system (HPI axis) which will later have an impact on changes in the body's metabolism, cellular responses, to overall changes in individuals, including changes in behavior. So as to avoid stress on fish, good maintenance management is needed in order to get optimal results from fish farming activities.


Conclusion.
Good maintenance management includes physical and chemical water quality control, control of weeds, pathogens and predators/competitors, the amount of fish stocking, proper handling when transplanted, good sanitation, balanced diet and health management (disease management) well.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Aerts J, Metz J.J., Ampe B., Decostere A, Flik G and Saeger S.D. 2015. Scales Tell a Story on the Stres History of Fish. Plos One 0123411.

Akinrotimi, O.A., Abu O.M.G., Ansa E.J., Edu O.M. and George O.S. 2009. Haematological response of Tilapia guineensis to acute stres. Int. J. Natural and Appl. Sci., 5(4): 338-343.

Barton, B.A. 2002. Stres in Fishes: A Diversity of Responses with Particular Reference to Changes in Circulating Corticosteroids. Integ Comp Biol, 42 : 517-525.

Davis B. Kenneth. 2006. Management of Physiological Stres in Finfish Aquaculture. North American Journal of Aquaculture, 68 (2) : 116-121.

FAO. 2018. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2018. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Roma. 227 pp.

Gabriel U.U., Akinrotimi, O.A. 2011. Management of Stres in Fish for Sustainable Aquaculture Development. Researcher, 3(4).

Hoque F., Hussan A., Arabinda and Chakraborty P. 2018. Managing water quality and fish health in aquaculture: Farmer’s traditional practices in west Bengal. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 6(4): 31-35.

Iwama, G.K., Afonso L.O.B., Vijayan M.M. 2006. Stres in fishes. pp 319 In: Evans DH, Claiborne JB (eds) The physiology of fishes. CRC Press Taylor and Francis. Florida: 601pp.

Norris, DO. Endocrine disruptors of the stres axis in national populations: how can we tell? Amer. Zool, 40: 393-401.

Rehman S., Gora A.H., Ahmad I and Rasool S.I. 2017. Stres in Aquaculture Hatcheries: Source, Impact and Mitigation. Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci, 6 (10): 3030-3045.

Schreck, C.B. 2010. Stres and Fish Reproduction: The Roles of Allostasis and Hormesis. General and Comparative Endocrinology. 165: 549–556.

Tsutsui, K., Ubuka, T., Bentley, G. E.,and Kriegsfeld, L.J. 2013. Regulatory Mechanisms of Gonadotropin-Inhibitory Hormone (GnIH) Synthesis and Release in Photoperiodic Animals. Neuroendocrine Science.7: 60.

Vijayan M.M., Moo T.W. and Mommsen Y.Y. 1994. The effect of contisol on hepatocyte metabolism in rainbow trout: a study using the steroid analique. Gen. Comp. Endocrinol, 96 (75): 1112-1132.

Wenderlaar-Bonga SE. 1997. The Stres response in fish. Physiol Rev, 77: 591-625

Published
2020-06-09

PlumX Metrics

How to Cite
Lestari, D. F., & Syukriah, S. (2020). Manajemen Stres pada Ikan untuk Akuakultur Berkelanjutan. JAMI: Jurnal Ahli Muda Indonesia, 1(1), 96-105. https://doi.org/10.46510/jami.v1i1.23
Section
Articles